Studi Karakterisasi dan Reusabilitas Katalis CaO/SiO₂ Berbasis Biomassa Lokal Karawang dalam Sintesis Biodiesel
Kata Kunci:
Biomassa, CaO/SiO₂, FTIR, SEM-EDX, TransesterifikasiAbstrak
Pemanfaatan biomassa lokal sebagai bahan baku katalis menjadi salah satu pendekatan berkelanjutan dalam produksi biodiesel. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji karakteristik dan performa katalis CaO/SiO₂ berbasis limbah biomassa lokal dari Pasir Jengkol, Klari, Karawang, dalam sintesis biodiesel dari minyak jelantah. Katalis disintesis dari cangkang telur dan sekam padi, kemudian dikarakterisasi menggunakan SEM-EDX dan FTIR. Reaksi transesterifikasi dilakukan pada suhu 65 °C selama 90 menit dengan rasio molar minyak terhadap metanol 1:9 dan penambahan katalis sebesar 4% massa minyak. Hasil SEM menunjukkan morfologi berpori dan tidak teratur dengan ukuran partikel rata-rata 2.22 µm. Analisis EDX menunjukkan bahwa Area 1 didominasi unsur kalsium dan oksigen, sedangkan Area 2 menunjukkan dominasi silikon dan oksigen, yang mengindikasikan keberadaan dua komponen utama, yaitu CaO dan SiO₂, meskipun penyebarannya belum sepenuhnya homogen. Spektrum FTIR mengonfirmasi keberadaan gugus Si–O–Si, Si–O, dan Ca–O, serta indikasi karbonat. Katalis menunjukkan efektivitas tinggi dengan yield biodiesel sebesar 68% pada siklus pertama dan 53% pada siklus kedua. Biodiesel yang dihasilkan memiliki densitas 1.118 g/mL dan viskositas 2.07 cSt pada 40 °C, menunjukkan bahwa produk masih berupa crude biodiesel. Secara keseluruhan, penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa biomassa Karawang berpotensi digunakan sebagai bahan baku katalis heterogen yang efektif untuk produksi biodiesel.
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Hak Cipta (c) 2025 Eti Ayu Nurhana, Christin Octaviani Sitanggang, Amalia Dian Fadilla, Meka Saima Perdani, Hilman Imadul Umam
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